서울연구원로고

• Topic Climate Change/ Environment
• AuthorHyunseok Moon, Sookyung Jeong, Jongho Jung

• 조회수9
• 등록일2025-04-16

The Eco-Mileage program, initiated in 2009, aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions through voluntary energy conservation by Seoul's citizens. It provides incentives for reduced consumption in the building and vehicle sectors.  As of 2023, the number of Seoul citizens participating in the Eco-Mileage program has grown to 2.51 million, with a total allocated budget of 63,650 million KRW. However, the confirmed Eco-Mileage payments for 2023 amount to 90,978 million KRW, and yearly payments are increasing. Therefore, concerns about potential future budget shortfalls due to limitations on budget increases have arisen. Moreover, the criteria for calculating greenhouse gas reductions and payment standards in this program require thorough revision. It is also essential to evaluate the continuation of seasonal special Eco-Mileage points and the overlap with the carbon neutral point program. To address these issues, this study analyzed the effects and limitations of the Eco-Mileage program. It also developed strategies to ensure program sustainability, including proposed improvements. Primary contents of this study are as follows:  - Analysis of Carbon Neutral Point and Eco-Mileage Program  - Operation Status and Performance Evaluation of Eco-Mileage Program  - Strategies for Ensuring the Sustainability of the Eco-Mileage Program  - Improvement of Eco-Mileage Program for Building and Vehicle Sectors  - Establishment of Ordinance Amendment  - Review of Linkage Between Carbon Neutral Point and Eco-Mileage Program This study aimed to ensure budget adequacy by addressing the current program's unreasonable payment standards and eliminating seasonal special eco-mileage points. It is expected to mitigate future budget inadequacies and improve sustainability and efficiency through ordinance amendments. The current eco-mileage program, led by the Seoul metropolitan government, requires future modifications to motivate citizens to reduce greenhouse gas emissions voluntarily by leveraging the carbon market mechanism. Additionally, developing a diversified eco-mileage system linked to projects such as residential Demand Response (DR) and Building Retrofit Program (BPR) is vital for future utilization of greenhouse gas reductions as carbon credits.  

• Topic Economy/ Administrative·Financial Affairs , Safety/ Infrastructure
• AuthorJong-Gil Chae, Kyeng-Min Kim

• 조회수18
• 등록일2025-04-15

The construction industry in South Korea is facing various challenges, including demographic shifts due to low birth rates, an aging population, negative perceptions of the industry as a 3D job, and a decrease in construction orders. These issues have led to a continuous outflow of existing workers and a lack of new workforce entries. Despite efforts to overcome these labor issues through the development and application of advanced construction technologies, it has been noted that even in Japan, a leader in smart construction technologies, these advancements have not significantly replaced human labor. Furthermore, the construction sector, predominantly involving outdoor work, is significantly affected by seasonal weather conditions and climate change, exacerbating labor shortages during adverse weather conditions. This report explored the necessity and feasibility of implementing wage support for construction day laborers during periods of work scarcity due to weather conditions and seasonal impacts. Investigating both domestic and international examples reveals that while Germany has effectively implemented a bad weather allowance to stabilise employment in the construction sector, Japan has adopted policies to ensure continuous work throughout the year without directly providing wage support. These international examples offer insights for South Korea, although the difference in employment status between regular workers in Germany and Japan and predominantly irregular workers in Korea present implementation challenges. Analysis of Seoul’s construction orders and day laborer wage data showed a distinct cyclical pattern between peak and off-peak seasons, significantly affecting labor supply and construction activities. The report discussed various aspects of implementing a bad weather allowance, including eligibility criteria, conditions for payout, and budgetary implications. It suggests considering all construction day laborers or limiting the allowance to young and low-wage workers, taking into account policy goals, budget constraints, and the need for social equity. In conclusion, this report underscores the importance of a comprehensive approach to addressing the construction industry's challenges, highlighting potential benefits of a bad weather allowance to enhance the stability and sustainability of the sector and the well-being of its workforce.

• Topic Urban Planning/ Housing
• AuthorMin Hyun-Suk

• 조회수39
• 등록일2025-04-15

A strategy for the conservation and restoration of Hanyangdoseong, the Seoul City Wall, has been proposed alongside urban redevelopment projects. The privately owned sections, particularly those near Kyungshin High School, the former Seo’s Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic, and the densely populated low-rise  residential  neighborhood  in  Jangchung-dong,  pose  significant management  challenges  for  the  public  sector,  despite  the  presence  of Hanyangdoseong.  The  proposed  strategy  focuses  on  securing  financial resources to acquire these privately owned lands and to conserve and restore the  deteriorating  sections  of  Hanyangdoseong.  This  will  be  funded  by channeling  profits  from  urban  redevelopment  projects  that  incorporate Hanyangdoseong and its surrounding areas. While Hanyangdoseong has seen restoration efforts since the 1960s, the destruction and damage in privately owned sections within urban areas have been increasing. Furthermore, under the current legal framework, construction activities by private entities in these urban sections are viewed as threats to the cultural heritage site, imposing substantial financial burdens on the private sector for excavation and preservation. Strict regulations, such as angular view control and other protective measures for Hanyangdoseong's environment, have further complicated urban redevelopment efforts in these regions. The National Heritage Act, which came into effect in May 2024, mandates that measures be implemented to assess and mitigate the impact of development plans on the environment surrounding national heritage sites, aiming to prevent  potential  destruction  and  degradation.  The  Seoul  Metropolitan Government (SMG) has outlined its long-term restoration and management plans for Hanyangdoseong in its 2009 and 2013 frameworks, which recommend the acquisition and restoration of privately owned sections. However, there remains a significant lack of concrete administrative guidelines and sufficient budget allocations to support these initiatives. To effectively protect Hanyangdoseong, particularly in privately owned areas, proactive public sector interventions are crucial. These interventions should aim to incorporate these sections into the officially designated 'Property Zone,' in line with UNESCO's 'Operational Guidelines.' This includes direct land acquisition  and  archaeological  excavation  of  the  remaining  sections  of Hanyangdoseong to thoroughly assess and document their historical significance. Such actions would create a solid foundation for securing ownership and removing physical barriers within the protected areas, facilitating comprehensive strategies for safeguarding both Hanyangdoseong and its surrounding environment. Additionally, it may be beneficial to consider the SMG's strategy of issuing local bonds to fund the restoration of the Earthen Fortification in Pungnap-dong. Similarly, priority should be given to the sections of Hanyangdoseong that have not yet been designated as heritage sites. The SMG could strategically use funds generated through these local bonds to acquire these areas and conduct thorough  archaeological  excavations.  Following  the  outcomes  of  these excavations, the uncovered sections of Hanyangdoseong could be formally recognized and designated as heritage sites. Subsequently, the local bonds could be reimbursed through central government subsidies allocated for the protection of heritage sites.   

• Topic Economy/ Administrative·Financial Affairs
• AuthorEunjoo Oh, Sujin Kim

• 조회수33
• 등록일2025-04-08

The fashion industry, a vital urban sector, not only contributes to job creation and economic growth, but also enhances a city's global brand through its image of creativity and innovation. For Seoul, establishing itself as a global city requires a robust and competitive fashion industry. This study analysed the current state of Seoul's fashion industry and its flagship policy initiative, Seoul Fashion Week (SFW), to propose strategies for global advancement. The study was triggered by the policy context in proposed goals of the "Seoul Vision 2030" to become a "Global Top 5 Fashion City". Through comprehensive analyses of digitalization trends, global competitiveness and international fashion policies, this research diagnosed challenges and opportunities of Seoul's fashion ecosystem and assessed SFW. Despite domestic market's rapid growth—from KRW 64 trillion in 2020 to KRW 84 trillion in 2023—the industry faces challenges such as sustained trade deficits and increasing competition from foreign platforms such as China's "Aliexpress", "Temu" and "Shein". Additionally, while Seoul's fashion design sector showed promising growth in sales amount, the overall industry remained stagnant in terms of employment and business expansion. Yet, experts regarded Seoul as a city favorable for fashion business and considered SFW as the most significant among the city’s industrial support initiatives. SFW emerged as a critical driver of Seoul’s fashion branding and global connectivity. SFW has been hosting annual fashion shows and business trade shows with the goal of globalizing K-fashion and fostering designers. It has achieved notable results such as discovering emerging designers and connecting them with global buyers. Experts commended its role in nurturing emerging designers and enhancing the city's image. However, challenges such as declining brand participation and the need to strengthen its international appeal persist. To evolve into a global platform, SFW requires strategies focused on the following: (1) diversifying participants, (2) strengthening global networking, (3) establishing hybrid channels and (4) enhancing governance through public-private collaboration. Through these efforts, SFW can gain international attention and serve as a pivotal force in boosting the competitiveness of Seoul’s fashion industry.  

• Topic Safety/ Infrastructure
• AuthorKyoung-Min Kim, Yeon Jong Jung, Insuk Han

• 조회수58
• 등록일2025-03-31

The causes of poor construction quality are regarded as social and structural issues that span the entire construction process, including delivery, design, construction, and supervision. Among these, the issue of 'poor supervision' has been highlighted repeatedly. The construction environment in Seoul, in particular, is more challenging than in other regions due to complex traffic management, numerous underground facilities, and a high volume of civil complaints. These factors lead to frequent weekend and night construction, making supervision tasks especially difficult. Therefore, to achieve "Zero Shoddy Construction in Seoul," it is crucial to analyze the current state of supervision tasks for construction projects in the city and develop strategies to enhance supervisory functions, taking into account the unique construction conditions present in Seoul. Analysis of Seoul’s construction supervision tasks revealed the need for improvements in several areas, including: adjusting supervision service fees to reflect  realistic  levels,  establishing  appropriate  standards  for  deploying supervisors, ensuring adequate time for reviewing design documents and construction-related matters, and enhancing the bidding and post-service evaluation systems. Furthermore, administrative tasks—such as excessive documentation, report submissions, inspections, checklist preparation, and unnecessary paperwork—were identified as needing significant improvement. To strengthen supervision functions and streamline tasks in public projects, several measures were recommended: ① disclose the breakdown of supervision service costs during the bidding process, ② allocate time for reviewing design documents and assessing constructability, ③ professionalize and verify the criteria for supervisor deployment provided during bidding, ④ adjust the deployment  strategy  between  resident  and  non-resident  supervisors,  ⑤ improve  administrative  tasks,  ⑥  enhance  performance  evaluations and engineering assessment methods for supervisory tasks, and ⑦ introduce and utilize digital technology. In the private sector, recommendations include expanding the public sector's role and conducting inspections of supervisor deployment in public projects.

• Topic Climate Change/ Environment
• AuthorMin Young Song, Sung-Kyun Shin, Haejoon Chun

• 조회수63
• 등록일2025-03-21

Seoul has recently changed its transport policy from focusing solely on reducing and managing congestion to expanding the use of green vehicles and their supporting systems. It is acknowledged that air pollutants emitted by Internal combustion engine(ICE) vehicles are a significant contributor to road traffic pollution, making policies aimed at reducing these pollutants essential for the city. ICE vehicles produce exhaust pollutants through fuel combustion and generate non-exhaust emissions from tyre and brake wear. In contrast, hybrid, electric, and hydrogen vehicles classified as green vehicles emit little to no exhaust pollutants, although they still produce non-exhaust emissions and require batteries. While hybrid, electric, and hydrogen vehicles have lower emissions compared to ICE vehicles, the environmental impact of non exhaust emissions and  battery  management  remains  a  critical  concern.  Therefore,  the management focus for road mobile pollution sources is expected to shift from exhaust  pollutants  in  the  past  to  non-exhaust  pollutants  and  battery management in the future. This study analyzes both exhaust and non-exhaust pollutants by comparing ICE vehicles  with  hybrid,  electric,  and  hydrogen  vehicles.  Furthermore,  we examined regulations, policies, and strategies from other countries aimed at managing and minimizing the environmental impact of green vehicles. Consequently, there is a need for a comprehensive management strategy that addresses the entire lifecycle of green vehicles, from production to disposal. In this  study,  we  propose  management  strategies  for  green  vehicles that encompass the phases of production, operation, and disposal.  

• Topic Climate Change/ Environment , Safety/ Infrastructure
• AuthorOh Han Jin, Park Daegeun, Lee Keesei, Park Min Cheol, Park Jun Yong

• 조회수49
• 등록일2024-12-31

This study aimed to identify the performance requirements and management factors deemed important by road infrastructure users in Seoul, and to propose improvement plans for the management system. It involved an analysis of the current state of management and cases of user inconvenience in Seoul's road infrastructure, supplemented by a survey on public perception regarding the performance requirements of key infrastructure components. The  research  analyzed  major  policies  governing  road  infrastructure management and the existing systems for managing roads, sidewalks, and bicycle lanes. It also reviewed instances of user inconvenience associated with road infrastructure. From these findings, nine key factors including durability, drivability,  and  usability  were  identified;  a  subsequent  survey  aimed  to prioritize these factors based on their importance to users. The final recommendations focus on improving durability and skid resistance. For enhancing durability, rapid detection and management of damages were suggested,  while  for  skid  resistance,  comprehensive  inspection  and management strategies were recommended.

• Topic Social Affairs/ Welfare
• AuthorKwonjoong Choh, Geum-sum Byun, Bokyung Lee, Hwang-Seok Chae, Dong Hoon Shin, Jae Hyun Chung

• 조회수54
• 등록일2024-12-31

This study aims to identify the size and characteristics of NEET (Not in Education,  Employment,  or  Training)  among  young  people  in  Seoul. Additionally, the study proposes policy support for them.  The scale of NEET among young people in Seoul has gradually decreased since 2010, with a temporary increase in 2020 due to COVID-19. Gender gaps in NEET have narrowed compared to the national average, with Seoul showing a similar gender ratio. However, the NEET rate in Seoul, especially among the 19-34 age groups, varies depending on data sources. The Seoul Young Adult Panel Study indicates a higher rate than LALFS(Local Area Labour Force Survey). There are differences in NEET types between genders, with caregiving dominating for women over 30 and avoidance and rest for males. This study emphasizes  the  importance  of  policy  design  tailored  to  the  specific characteristics of NEET types. The key to preventing Young Adults from becoming NEET is facilitating a smooth transition from education to the labor market. Early support is needed to understand the labor market and finding suitable jobs during the educational stage. Initiatives akin to Seoul's internship programs must expand to offer a broader range of experiences tailored to individual aptitudes, accompanied by data accumulation. Understanding why young people transition to NEET during employment is crucial for effective intervention. Monitoring and mentoring young individuals after employment can prevent resignations due to aptitude discrepancies or difficulties in adapting. Collaboration between workplaces, early detection, and intervention across society during the transition from education to employment is essential to prevent isolation and withdrawal. Long-term  institutional  improvements are needed to implement early intervention  effectively.  Additionally,  beyond  vocational  education  on economic activities in the capital market to instill the value of labor. Recognizing that Young Adults transitioning into NEET status is a systemic issue rather than a problem of specific individuals, there is a societal need to secure a safety net. It is essential to utilize data from the Social Security Information Institute to monitor vulnerable groups and proactively identify potential NEET cases. The current separate collection of data by each department and the use of school data by local governments where Young Adults reside need better integration. This requires responsible approaches to privacy from local governments  and  additional  institutional  improvements  concerning  the utilization of personal information.

• Topic Urban Planning/ Housing
• AuthorJoo-Il Lee, Hye-Rim Yoon

• 조회수65
• 등록일2024-12-31

The Republic of Korea's zoning system has fundamental limitations centered on the central government. Consequently, it is impossible to designate zones beyond those stipulated by the central government, making it difficult to flexibly respond to the emergence of new uses. Recently, changes in population structure and the transition into a post-growth era have resulted in increasingly diverse and individualized demands from citizens. As a result, many new uses are emerging in urban spaces, leading to situations that cannot be addressed solely with existing regulations. This study aims to examine the problems of the zoning system, focusing on the case of Seoul, and to derive directions for improvement. The issues within Seoul's zoning system can be broadly divided into three aspects: development and use, designation, and implementation. Additionally, the  causes  of  these  problems  can  be  categorized  into  operational  and management, as well as system and regulation factors, with the problems and causes linked in a multidimensional manner. Based on this analysis, seven maintenance tasks and improvement directions for the zoning system have been  proposed.  First,  expand  the  authority  and  discretion  of  local governments. Second, reorganize management direction to better suit the role of each zone. Third, apply land use and development density differently based on regional characteristics and infrastructure conditions. Fourth, establish clear and easy-to-understand management standards. Fifth, develop a land use classification system that accounts for land use and activities. Sixth, establish flexible  systems  and  management  tools  that  can  respond  to  social  and economic changes. Seventh, integrate urban planning facilities into the zoning system for better management.

• Topic Safety/ Infrastructure
• AuthorYoon-Shin Bae, Jong-Seok Won, Jae-Do Kang, Sang-Gyoon Kim

• 조회수67
• 등록일2024-12-31

The rapid increase in large-scale underground-inked complex buildings due to urban overcrowding is accelerating the risk of large-scale urban fires. As of 2024, there are 211 large-scale underground-inked complex buildings in Seoul, an increase of about 24% compared to 2018. Moreover, about 60% of the nation's underground-inked complex buildings are concentrated in Seoul. In case of a fire in underground areas of these complex buildings, unlike typical buildings,  fire  and  smoke  can  spread  through  underground  structures, intensifying confusion for evacuees. Analysis of fire statistics in this study revealed that fires occurring in underground floors resulted in more casualties and property damage per incident than above-ground fires. They also took longer to extinguish. Field investigations confirmed that in the event of an accident, damage could be amplified due to a large number of unspecified floating population, complex structures, diverse management entities and issues with movement routes and management. Particularly, disaster-vulnerable individuals who have slower movement speeds and decision-making abilities than the general public could suffer significant damage. Therefore, Seoul city ordinances recommend using digital  technology  to  enhance  evacuation  effectiveness  and  support disaster-vulnerable individuals. Fire  and  evacuation  simulations  were  analysed  for  underground-inked complex buildings in Seoul, distinguishing between the general public and disaster-vulnerable individuals. Even after changing stairs to ramps and improving the internal spacing of entrance facilities to reduce evacuation time, evacuation remained difficult for disaster-vulnerable individuals, excluding the general public. Therefore, to increase movement speeds of both the general public  and  disaster-vulnerable  individuals  during  accidents  and  reduce congestion in main evacuation routes, it is necessary to consider installing equipment and facilities that can increase movement speeds of disaster- vulnerable individuals. It is also necessary to complement evacuation with digital technology, in addition to facility improvements. The following policies are proposed to enhance evacuation effectiveness in Seoul’s  underground-inked  complex  buildings,  focusing  on  disaster- vulnerable individuals: First, management blind spots should be improved. The management entity for areas connecting buildings with underground shopping centers or subway stations should be clearly defined. Disaster management obligations, including evacuation plans for these areas, should be established. A joint management body, tentatively called a disaster management council, should be formed. Second, evacuation standards must be improved. Comprehensive and detailed standards for evacuation and fire safety facilities should be established, taking into account characteristics of buildings. In particular, there is a need to actively incorporate Seoul’s performance-based design guidelines. Additionally, improvements should focus on the internal spacing of entrance facilities, smoke control systems and evacuation capacity standards. Third, facilities and equipment related to evacuation should be improved. In particular, it is necessary to improve ramps in parallel with stairs, integrated fire shutters, evacuation guide lines, evacuation exit guidance lights, visual alarms and subway turnstiles. Lastly,  digital  technology  should  be  introduced  to  enhance  evacuation effectiveness. However, reliability must be very high before actual application.  Technologies to be considered for introduction include those that can detect disaster situations within facilities, select optimal routes and guide evacuation routes, support the movement of disaster-vulnerable individuals and provide safe evacuation spaces. These technologies could utilise the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, virtual augmented reality, high-frequency and beacons