Tunnels as critical infrastructure require proactive management to address increased risks of safety incidents, rising maintenance costs due to aging and heightened disaster threats. Thus, establishing policies and strategies for sustainable maintenance, disaster response and longevity enhancement of tunnels is essential, particularly in light of climate and environmental changes. Such efforts should involve a comprehensive review of current tunnel management practices in Seoul, including characteristics and conditions of the city's tunnels. This review takes into account revisions to key laws and standards related to tunnel construction, management, operation and disaster response. Integrating Seoul’s operational systems and incorporating advanced technologies are also necessary for efficient management, immediate incident detection and effective disaster response, paving the way for mid- to long-term management and operational strategies.
This study aimed to develop mid- to long-term tunnel management strategies for Seoul based on extensive investigations and analyses. It performed a detailed examination of the current state of tunnel management, including tunnel characteristics, facility maintenance and operational conditions. It also reviewed management standards and disaster response frameworks such as maintenance standards, performance evaluation methods, fire prevention and ventilation systems, risk index assessments and disaster response protocols. Furthermore, it explored advanced technologies for tunnel management, including repair and reinforcement techniques, remote monitoring and incident detection systems.
Proposed strategies are designed to address key challenges and provide improvement measures for extending tunnel lifespan, enhancing user convenience and improving management efficiency. Approximately 70% of Seoul’s tunnels are constructed using the conventional ASSM method and a similar proportion are small-scale tunnels with lengths under 250 meters. While the current management grade of Seoul’s tunnels meets the target level of the city’s infrastructure management plan, existing maintenance methods rely solely on visible damage to the lining without providing an accurate assessment of overall structural performance.
To enhance tunnel management, it is crucial to expand management data currently stored in Seoul's big data system. This system should go beyond structured data to include semi-structured data such as electronic drawings, BIM and GIS, as well as unstructured data such as images and videos. These data types will support comprehensive lifecycle management, incident detection and historical record-keeping, ensuring more effective decision-making.
Given the prevalence of small-scale, conventionally constructed tunnels in Seoul, a tailored longevity strategy is necessary. This involves developing criteria for selecting tunnels requiring performance improvements and addressing specific characteristics of aging infrastructure. In addition, the operational environment of tunnels must be analysed to enhance user convenience. This includes reviewing entry and exit conditions, lighting, visibility, air quality, disaster and accident history and traffic data. Establishing a risk index database and implementing improvements in evacuation environments, lighting, air quality and road safety facilities are integral to this approach.
Adopting advanced technologies is essential for improving management efficiency. Replacing labor-intensive inspection methods with technologies such as cameras, GPR and LiDAR for comprehensive scanning, 3D damage mapping and performance evaluation will significantly enhance efficiency and accuracy. Integrating various facilities into a unified remote monitoring system and establishing an integrated road tunnel control center will also support effective disaster response and incident management.
These strategies are interconnected, creating a comprehensive framework for tunnel management. Database construction provides the foundation for advanced technologies, while longevity strategies guide the development of automated inspection systems. Enhancements in user convenience can inform the integration of multi-facility systems. Together, these measures will ensure the safety, efficiency and sustainability of Seoul’s tunnel infrastructure.