From 2018 to 2022, ozone (O3) concentrations in Korea and Seoul steadily increased, exceeding environmental standards in most months except during winter. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are key precursors that significantly contribute to the secondary formation of ozone and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in the atmosphere. While managing VOCs is crucial, environmental policies and projects have primarily concentrated on reducing particulate matter. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between VOCs and ozone formation, identifying the characteristics of this relationship, including seasonal and temporal trends, under various environmental conditions.
Specifically, the main VOC species associated with ozone formation under critical conditions were ranked based on their concentrations, correlations, and Photochemical Ozone Creation Potentials (POCPs). Based on our findings, effective management strategies were proposed in three categories. The study concluded that VOC management in Seoul can be divided into 1) continuous management, which targets emission sources and concentrations control, 2) and seasonal management, which focuses on the summer when ozone concentrations are highest. In particular, greater emphasis should be placed on 3) the management of VOC species that are directly related to elevated ozone levels. By implementing a systematic management approach, it is possible to effectively control and improve ozone levels in Seoul.